Abstract
On December 9, 2025, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) issued a final judgment in the case of T.H. v. The Czech Republic. The case concerned a non-binary individual, T.H., who was assigned male at birth and, since May 2012, had repeatedly petitioned to change their sex/gender marker and personal numerical code on their national identity card. Because the Czech system does not provide for the option of a neutral gender marker, T.H. petitioned to have their registered gender changed to female.
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