The Perspectives Project: Documenting and Reimagining IFI Accountability

Published to mark the 30th anniversary of the launch of the World Bank Inspection Panel, and the emergence of accountability mechanisms in development finance generally, Perspectives is a collection of essays discussing the promise, reality, and future of the accountability mechanisms at international financial institutions.

These mechanisms, an experiment in the expansion of citizen rights in international governance, have been adopted by almost all international financial institutions. Despite their broad acceptance, these mechanisms have often disappointed in providing affected communities effective remedies or in driving systemic change at the IFIs.

The Perspectives Project collects essays from a range of authors, including current and past members of accountability mechanisms, IFI managers and staff, community advocates who have brought or supported claims, civil society supporters of accountability, and academics. Their perspectives explore the successes, shortcomings, and unrealized potential of the Independent Accountability Mechanisms, and propose ways to make them more effective.

Perspectives is an ongoing project. Several other authors are currently working on essays; proposals for new perspectives are encouraged. Please send your proposal of no more than 300 words to perspectives.iam@gmail.com.

The Editors

Daniel Bradlow Professor/Senior Fellow, Centre for Advancement of Scholarship, University of Pretoria, Professor Emeritus, American University Washington College of Law, and a Compliance Officer in the Social and Environmental and Compliance Unit of UNDP.

David Hunter Professor of international and comparative environmental law at American University's Washington College of Law. He currently serves on the Boards of Directors of Accountability Counsel, the Center for International Environmental Law, the Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide-US, and the Project on Government Oversight.

Varsha Iyengar Lawyer and mediator with experience in human rights and sustainability. She currently works on business and human rights issues. She is enrolled as an SJD Candidate at American University Washington College of Law.

Nick Paul Editor and writer with a background in business communications, journalism, and international development organizations.

The editors thank the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation not only for its generous support of the Perspectives Project but for the decades of support they have given toward enhancing the accountability and environmental impact of international development finance institutions. The editors also thank the American University Washington College of Law, particularly Access Services Law Librarian, Khelani Clay, and third-year student, Murphy Chen, for their support.

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The Essays

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The Inspection Panel Early Years (An Inside Story), Eduardo G. Abbott

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The World Bank, the Inspection Panel & Immunity, Joe Athialy

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The Promise of Collaborative Problem Solving in Enhancing IAM Effectiveness, Gina Barbieri

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Thirty Years of Community-Centered Accountability in International Development Key Developments at the World Bank Inspection Panel, Dilek Barlas

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Ending Violence in Development Finance Actions to Affirmatively Prevent and Stop Reprisals Against Rights Defenders, Gregory Berry

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Three Decades of Seeking Elusive Remedies, Richard E. Bissell

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World Bank's Roadmap and the Inspection Panel's Human Rights Responsibilities, Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky and C.P. Chandrasekhar

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The Inspection Panel and International Law, Daniel D. Bradlow

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Can Mediation Provide Remedy For Human Rights Violations? A Quest for Justice Using a Development Bank Accountability Mechanism, Natalie Bugalski and David Pred

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IMF Human Rights Accountability: A Pragmatic Way to Break the Deadlock, Aldo Caliari

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"Use and Improve" is My Accountability Mantra, Despite 30 Years of Eye-opening Disappointments, Natalie Bridgeman Fields

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Rethinking 'What Counts' As Accountability, Jonathan Fox

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Legal Risk and Accountability in Development Finance: Lessons from Jam v. International Finance Corporation, Michelle Harrison and Shannon Marcoux

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Glass Half-Full or Glass Half-Empty? Thirty Years of Accountability at the Inspection Panel--The Impact of its Work and What the Data Tells Us, Ramanie Kunanayagam, Mark Goldsmith, Ibrahim James Pam, Serge Selwan, Richard Wyness, Ayako Kubodera, Camila Jorge do Amarel, and Rupes Dalai

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Reflections on the Role of the Panel, Charles Di Leva

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The Critical Contribution of Independent Accountability Mechanisms (IAMs) to the Global Governance Paradigm, Owen McIntyre

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Exiting the Disaster, Evading the Responsibility? Wadi al-Qamar -- The Moon Valley, Suzan Nada

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The River of Accountability Mechanisms: Then and Now, Suresh Nanwani

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Are the MDBs Accountable? Reflecting on the Independent Accountability Mechanisms of the Multilateral Development Banks, Susan Park

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Between Disruption and Legitimation of Development: A Critical Perspective on the Inspection Panel and a call for more radical thinking within the accountability community, Dustin Schäfer

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An Increased Normalization of IAMs Faces Ground Realities: Lack of Transparency Impedes Access to IAMs, Hamid Sharif

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Thirty Years of Accountability in International Development: Insights from the General Counsel of the World Bank Group, Christopher H. Stephens

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Unacceptable Means: The Inspection Panel Actions on World Bank Forcible Resettlement, Lori Udall

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Ending 30 years of IMF Exceptionalism: A Call for an Accountability Mechanism at the International Monetary Fund, Luiz Vieria